Introduction Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. Climate change is...
Carbon Trading as Climate Change Mitigation in Indonesia
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Environment
Reclamation in Mining Activities to Prevent Further Environmental Damages
Introduction Every person has the right to a good and healthy environment as stated in Article 65 of Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environment Protection and Management as amended by Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 2...
Law Enforcement and Protection Caused by Marine Pollution
Introduction According to Government Regulation No. 19 of 1999 on Control of Marine Pollution and/or Destruction as amended by Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 on Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management (“PP 22/2021”). Environmental Pollution is...
Environmental Dispute: Unlawful Act by State and/or Government Institution in the Severe Smoke Fog due to Forest Fires
Introduction Every person has the right to enjoy a good and healthy environment, in which this right is protected, promoted, upheld, and fulfilled by the...
Citizen Lawsuit Mechanism in Environmental Dispute
Introduction Citizen lawsuit is an action by citizens to sue government and/or state institution. In Indonesia, citizen lawsuit mechanism has yet to be regulated under the law. Nevertheless, this type of lawsuit has become common practice in Indonesian judicial...
Characteristic Test: Evidentiary Instrument of Poisonous and Hazardous Material
Introduction According to Law No. 32 of 2009 on Protection and Management of the Environment as amended by Law No. 11 of 2020 regarding Job Creation (“Environmental Law”), Environmental Pollution is defined as the incoming or inclusion of creature, substances energies...
The Implementation of Characteristic Test in Environmental Dispute
Introduction According to Law No. 32 of 2009 on Protection and Management of the Environment as amended by Law No. 11 of 2020 regarding Job Creation (“Environmental Law”), Environmental Pollution is defined as the incoming or inclusion of creature, substances energies...
Implementation of Strict Liability in Environmental Dispute
Introduction According to Article 88 Elucidation of Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management (“Environmental Law”), Strict Liability is an element of fault that does not need to be proven by the plaintiff as the basis for payment of...
Regulation and Implementation of Hazardous and Toxic Waste in Indonesia
Introduction The environment is one of the important aspects of life on earth. To be safe, the environment is one of the duties of Indonesian citizens. As we know, Law No. 32/2009 on Environmental protection and Management (“Environmental Law”) as amended by Law No....